摘要:
采用电子科技大学的弗兰克-赫兹实验智能测量仪器,通过改变不同的实验条件,研究阴极电压的改变对热电子产生的影响。通过不同的数据处理手段分析比较,结合相关原子理论,较为精确地测量了原子第一激发电势,并对实验中测量得到的氩原子第一激发电势的误差进行了解释。该文从不同方面、不同角度,采用不同的数据处理方法较为精确地测量氩原子第一激发电势,由于有接触电势差的存在,故对结果进行了修正。从接触电势差和原子能级亚稳态角度给出了更为合理的解释。通过该实验可以从宏观电压-电流曲线了解微观世界的变化,增强了学生对玻尔原子理论的了解,锻炼了学生的动手能力及形象思考能力。
Abstract:
By changing the different experimental conditions,the influence of change of the cathode voltage on the generation of the hot electrons was studied by using the Frank-Hertz experimental measuring instrument of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.Through the analysis and comparison of different data processing methods and the relative atomic theory,the first excitation potential of the atom was measured more accurately,and the error of the first excitation potential measured in the experiments was explained.In this paper,the first excitation potential of argon atom is measured by different data processing methods from different aspects and different angles,and the results is corrected because of the presence of contact potential difference.A more reasonable explanation is given from the contact potential difference and the metastable state of the atomic energy level.Through this experiment,we can understand the changes in the microcosmic world from the macro voltage-current curve,enhance students' understanding of Bohr's atom theory,and exercise the students' ability to do the work and thinking ability of the image.